When Romans used the Latin word “tectum” (roof), they were often referring to the entire building. The function of the roof is immensely important and is not confined simply to providing protection against the elements. In 1923, Le Corbusier propagated the design of flat, accessible roofs that could be used as additional habitable space – a means of regaining the site area lost through the footprint of a building. In this respect, the roof of the Unité d’Habitation in Marseilles (1947) is an urban ground floor area raised in the air. Similarly, the Roof House built in 2002 by Tezuka Architects in Hadano, Japan (ill. 5), may be seen as a two-storey building, comprising a covered ground floor with an open-air roof garden above; and the roof over the Basket Bar in Utrecht (2000–03) by NL Architects (ills. 1, 2) complements the sunken ground floor cafe. The inherent purpose of the roof – to provide protection against the weather – is overlaid with an urban function.
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